Leadership, Group Dynamics, and Lecturers’ Job Stress in Private Islamic Higher Education Institutions: a Quantitative Structural Analysis
Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan statistik antara kepemimpinan, dinamika kelompok, dan stres kerja dosen pada perguruan tinggi Islam swasta di bawah naungan Kopertais Wilayah IX, Sumatera Utara. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain survei cross-sectional. Populasi terdiri atas 272 dosen tetap dari tujuh perguruan tinggi Islam swasta, dengan 183 responden yang dipilih melalui simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner skala Likert lima poin dan dianalisis melalui statistik deskriptif, uji prasyarat, korelasi Pearson, dan analisis jalur. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan memiliki hubungan langsung yang signifikan dengan stres kerja dosen (koefisien jalur = 0,243; t = 3,390), dengan kontribusi langsung yang dilaporkan sebesar 5,9%. Dinamika kelompok juga menunjukkan hubungan langsung yang signifikan dengan stres kerja dosen (koefisien jalur = 0,304; t = 4,311), dengan kontribusi langsung sebesar 9,2%. Kontribusi dinamika kelompok secara numerik lebih besar daripada kepemimpinan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa stres kerja dosen berkaitan dengan faktor organisasi pada tingkat vertikal (kepemimpinan) dan horizontal (interaksi kelompok). Secara teoretis, temuan memperluas penerapan Job Demands–Resources Model pada konteks perguruan tinggi Islam swasta dengan menempatkan dukungan kepemimpinan dan kualitas relasi kolegial sebagai sumber daya organisasi yang potensial, sementara kepemimpinan yang tidak suportif dan interaksi kelompok yang disfungsional dapat menjadi sumber tuntutan kerja. Karena desain penelitian bersifat cross-sectional dan berbasis self-report, temuan ditafsirkan sebagai hubungan/prediksi statistik dan bukan sebagai bukti kausalitas eksperimental.
Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan organisasi; dinamika kelompok; stres kerja akademik; dosen; manajemen pendidikan tinggi; Job-Demands Resources Model
Abstract
This study examined the statistical relationships among leadership, group dynamics, and lecturers’ job stress in private Islamic higher education institutions under Kopertais Region IX, North Sumatra. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was employed. The population consisted of 272 permanent lecturers from seven private Islamic higher education institutions, from which 183 respondents were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using five-point Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, prerequisite tests, Pearson correlation, and path analysis. The results showed a significant direct statistical relationship between leadership and lecturers’ job stress (path coefficient = 0.243; t = 3.390), with a reported direct contribution of 5.9%. Group dynamics also showed a significant direct statistical relationship with lecturers’ job stress (path coefficient = 0.304; t = 4.311), with a reported direct contribution of 9.2%. The numerical contribution of group dynamics was greater than that of leadership. These findings indicate that lecturers’ job stress is associated with both vertical organizational conditions represented by leadership and horizontal collegial conditions represented by group dynamics. Theoretically, the findings extend the application of the Job Demands–Resources Model to private Islamic higher education by highlighting leadership and collegial relationships as organizational and social resources, while unsupportive leadership and dysfunctional group interaction may constitute additional job demands. Because the study used a cross-sectional, self-report design, the findings should be interpreted as statistical associations/predictions rather than definitive experimental causal effects.
Keywords: Organizational leadership; group dynamics; academic work stress; lecturers; higher education management; Job Demands–Resources Model.
References
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