Islamic Epistemology of Knowledge: Integrating Revelation, Nature, and Human Experience
Abstract
Abstrak
Ilmu pengetahuan dalam Islam dipandang sebagai amanah ilahiah yang tidak hanya bersumber dari akal dan pengalaman empiris, tetapi juga dari wahyu Allah yang tertuang dalam Al-Qur’an dan Hadis. Namun, dalam konteks modern, perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan cenderung mengalami fragmentasi epistemologis dengan memisahkan dimensi rasional, empiris, dan spiritual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara komprehensif konsep ilmu dan sumber-sumbernya dalam perspektif Al-Qur’an dan Hadis, serta menjelaskan relevansinya bagi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan kontemporer. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kepustakaan, melalui analisis terhadap teks Al-Qur’an, Hadis, serta karya-karya klasik dan kontemporer para ulama dan akademisi yang relevan dengan epistemologi Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Islam memandang ilmu secara holistik dengan tiga sumber utama, yaitu ayat qauliyyah (wahyu), ayat kauniyyah (alam semesta), dan ayat insaniyyah (pengalaman manusia). Ketiga sumber ini bersifat saling melengkapi dan terintegrasi dalam kerangka epistemologi Islam. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dalam Islam harus berlandaskan nilai-nilai etika, spiritual, dan kemanusiaan agar ilmu tidak hanya bermanfaat secara duniawi, tetapi juga bernilai transendental. Dengan demikian, epistemologi Islam menawarkan solusi atas krisis pengetahuan modern melalui pendekatan yang integratif dan berorientasi pada kemaslahatan manusia.
Kata Kunci: Ilmu Pengetahuan; Sumber Ilmu; Epistemologi Islam; Al-Qur’an; Hadis
Abstract
In Islam, knowledge is understood as a divine trust that is not solely derived from human reason and empirical experience, but also from revelation as conveyed through the Qur’an and Hadith. However, contemporary scientific development often exhibits epistemological fragmentation by separating rational, empirical, and spiritual dimensions of knowledge. This study aims to comprehensively examine the concept of knowledge and its sources from the perspectives of the Qur’an and Hadith, as well as to analyze their relevance for contemporary knowledge development. This research employs a qualitative approach using a library-based method, analyzing Qur’anic verses, Hadith, and classical as well as contemporary scholarly works related to Islamic epistemology. The findings reveal that Islamic epistemology recognizes three primary and interconnected sources of knowledge: qauliyyah verses (revelation), kauniyyah verses (the universe), and insaniyyah verses (human experience). These sources form an integrated and holistic framework that guides the acquisition and application of knowledge. The study concludes that the development of knowledge in Islam must remain grounded in ethical, spiritual, and humanistic values to ensure that knowledge contributes not only to worldly progress but also to transcendental and moral objectives. Thus, Islamic epistemology offers an integrative solution to contemporary epistemological challenges.
Keywords: Knowledge; Sources of Knowledge; Islamic Epistemology; Qur’an; Hadith
References
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