Catfishing on Social Media: A Criminal Law And Islamic Criminal Law Analysis In Jambi
Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini membahas tindak pidana penipuan identitas dengan modus cinta di media sosial dalam perspektif hukum pidana dan hukum pidana Islam. Fenomena ini semakin meningkat seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi digital yang memudahkan pelaku untuk memanipulasi identitas demi memperoleh keuntungan emosional maupun finansial dari korban. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis pengaturan hukum positif Indonesia terhadap penipuan identitas bermodus cinta di media sosial, mengkaji pandangan hukum pidana Islam terhadap perbuatan tersebut, serta menilai efektivitas penegakan hukum di wilayah hukum Polda Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan empiris melalui studi pustaka, wawancara dengan aparat kepolisian (Ditreskrimsus Polda Jambi), dan analisis perbandingan antara hukum positif dan hukum pidana Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penipuan identitas bermodus cinta diatur dalam Pasal 378 KUHP dan Pasal 28 ayat (1) jo. Pasal 45A ayat (1) UU ITE sebagai tindak pidana penipuan berbasis elektronik. Namun, penerapan hukumnya masih terkendala bukti digital, keterbatasan alat pelacak, dan yurisdiksi lintas negara. Dalam perspektif hukum pidana Islam, perbuatan ini tergolong jarīmah ta‘zīr yang dapat dikenai hukuman sesuai kebijakan hakim demi melindungi kemaslahatan umat.
Kata Kunci: Penipuan Identitas, Modus Cinta, Media Sosial, Hukum Pidana, Hukum Pidana Islam.
Abstract
This study examines identity fraud using a romance scam modus operandi on social media from the perspectives of criminal law and Islamic criminal law. The phenomenon is increasingly prevalent alongside digital technological advances that enable perpetrators to manipulate identities for emotional or financial gain. The research aims to analyze Indonesia’s positive law regulations regarding identity fraud through online romance scams, explore the Islamic criminal law perspective on such acts, and evaluate the effectiveness of law enforcement within the jurisdiction of the Jambi Regional Police. A qualitative method was employed using normative and empirical juridical approaches through literature studies, interviews with the Special Crime Directorate officers (Ditreskrimsus Polda Jambi), and a comparative analysis between positive law and Islamic criminal law. The findings reveal that identity fraud through romance scams is regulated under Article 378 of the Indonesian Criminal Code and Article 28 paragraph (1) in conjunction with Article 45A paragraph (1) of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law as an electronic-based fraud offense. However, its legal enforcement faces challenges such as digital evidence verification, tracking limitations, and cross-border jurisdiction issues. In Islamic criminal law, this act is classified as jarīmah ta‘zīr, a reprehensible act subject to discretionary punishment by the judge to uphold public welfare.
Keywords: Identity Fraud, Romance Scam, Social Media, Criminal Law, Islamic Criminal Law.
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