An Examination of Human Rights Related to the Protection of Debtor Customer Data and Information Through Bank Secrecy Rules
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis bagaimana perlindungan data dan informasi pelanggan debitur dalam perspektif hak asasi manusia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan filosofis, dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan data dan informasi pelanggan debitur dilakukan dengan menerapkan aturan kerahasiaan bank. Namun, aturan kerahasiaan bank di Indonesia masih tidak memadai, karena ruang lingkup perlindungannya sempit, hanya mencakup pelanggan penyimpan dan simpanan dari pelanggan penyimpan. Hal ini telah melanggar hak-hak pelanggan debitur. Perlindungan data dan informasi merupakan hak asasi manusia yang fundamental, sebagaimana diakui dalam UDHR dan ICCPR, serta di Indonesia mencerminkan Pancasila sila kedua, yang dilindungi oleh konstitusi, hukum hak asasi manusia, dan undang-undang perlindungan data pribadi. Sebagai negara hukum, Indonesia menjunjung pendekatan yang seimbang terhadap hak asasi manusia, memastikan hak pelanggan debitur untuk perlindungan data sambil mempertimbangkan hak publik untuk mengakses informasi tertentu dalam kasus-kasus mendesak. Keseimbangan ini sejalan dengan teori utilitarianisme hukum alam, yang menekankan baik pada privasi maupun transparansi yang diperlukan.
Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Data Pribadi, Debitur, Perbankkan
This research aims to examine and analyse how the protection of debtor customer data and information in the perspective of human rights. The research method used is legal research with a statutory approac h, philosophical approach and conceptual approach. The results of this study indicate that the protection of debtor customer data and information is by implementing bank secrecy rules. However, the rules of bank secrecy in Indonesia are inadequate, because the scope of protection is narrow, covering only depositing customers and deposits of depositing customers. This has violated the rights of debtor customers. The protection of data and information is a fundamental human right, as recognized in the UDHR and ICCPR, and in Indonesia, it reflects the 2nd Precept of Pancasila, safeguarded by the constitution, human rights law, and personal data protection law. As a rule-of-law state, Indonesia upholds a balanced approach to human rights, ensuring debtor customers' right to data protection while considering the public's right to access certain information in urgent cases. This balance aligns with the utilitarian theory of natural law, emphasizing both privacy and necessary transparency.
Keywords: Legal Protection, Personal Data, Debtors, Banking
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