PENGAJARAN JARAK JAUH DARURAT KABUT ASAP PADA ANAK USIA DINI: STUDI KASUS STRATEGI GURU DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK ISLAM TERPADU NURUL BALAD
Abstract
Abstrak
Kabut asap akibat kebakaran hutan dan lahan memaksa satuan pendidikan anak usia dini beralih ke pembelajaran jarak jauh secara mendadak, padahal karakteristik belajar anak menuntut interaksi langsung, bermain, dan pendampingan intensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan strategi guru dalam merencanakan, melaksanakan, dan menilai pengajaran jarak jauh darurat bagi anak usia dini selama kabut asap di Taman Kanak-Kanak Islam Terpadu (TK IT) Nurul Balad. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus tunggal pada periode belajar dari rumah yang singkat, yaitu 11–12 September 2026, sesuai surat edaran dinas pendidikan setempat. Data dikumpulkan melalui ceklis observasi, formulir wawancara terstruktur yang diisi informan dengan pendampingan peneliti, dan dokumentasi. Informan berjumlah enam orang, yaitu kepala sekolah, dua guru, dan tiga orang tua; dokumen yang ditelaah meliputi surat edaran, modul ajar mingguan, dan hasil karya anak. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña, dan keabsahan data diperkuat melalui triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga strategi: (1) perencanaan adaptif yang menyesuaikan modul ajar reguler dengan kebijakan darurat; (2) pelaksanaan melalui WhatsApp Group yang memadukan tugas sederhana di dalam rumah, pembiasaan ibadah, dan pemberian pujian; serta (3) keterlibatan orang tua sebagai pendamping sekaligus pengirim dokumentasi yang dijadikan bukti asesmen. Kendala utama meliputi keterbatasan jaringan, rentang fokus anak yang pendek, dan keterbatasan waktu orang tua. Kontribusi penelitian ini berupa kerangka deskriptif awal dari satu kasus tentang adaptasi lembaga dan ketergantungannya pada keluarga, bukan model yang telah teruji efektivitasnya. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penyusunan protokol pembelajaran darurat asap yang perlu dikembangkan dan diuji lebih lanjut.
Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini; Pengajaran Jarak Jauh Darurat; Kabut Asap; Pembiasaan Ibadah; Keterlibatan Orang Tua
Abstract
Haze caused by forest and land fires forces early childhood education institutions to shift abruptly to remote learning, even though young children learn best through direct interaction, play, and intensive guidance. This study aims to describe teachers' strategies in planning, implementing, and assessing emergency remote teaching for young children during a haze emergency at TK IT Nurul Balad, Indonesia. A qualitative approach with a single case study design was employed, covering a brief learning-from-home period (11–12 September 2026) set by a local education office circular. Data were collected through an observation checklist, structured interview forms completed by informants with the researcher's assistance, and documentation. The six informants were the principal, two teachers, and three parents; the documents reviewed were the circular letter, the weekly teaching module, and children's work samples. Data were analysed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, and trustworthiness was strengthened through source and technique triangulation. The findings reveal three strategies: (1) adaptive planning that modifies the regular teaching module to fit emergency policy; (2) WhatsApp Group-based implementation combining simple indoor tasks, religious habituation, and praise; and (3) parental involvement as companions and as senders of documentation used as assessment evidence. The main constraints were limited internet connectivity, children's short attention span, and parents' limited time. The study contributes a preliminary descriptive framework, drawn from a single case, of institutional adaptation and its dependence on families, rather than a model of proven effectiveness. It recommends developing and testing a haze-emergency learning protocol.
Keywords: early childhood education; emergency remote teaching; haze; religious habituation; parental involvement
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