DIMENSI FILOSOFIS ILMU KOMUNIKASI: KAJIAN ONTOLOGI, EPISTEMOLOGI, AKSIOLOGI, DAN ETIKA KOMUNIKASI DI ERA DIGITAL
Abstract
Transformasi digital telah mengubah hakikat komunikasi, proses pembentukan pengetahuan, orientasi nilai, dan standar etika dalam praktik komunikasi kontemporer. Namun, kajian ilmu komunikasi masih cenderung membahas dimensi ontologi, epistemologi, aksiologi, dan etika secara terpisah sehingga belum menghasilkan pemahaman filosofis yang integratif terhadap kompleksitas komunikasi digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan mengintegrasikan keempat dimensi tersebut sebagai fondasi filosofis ilmu komunikasi di era digital. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian kepustakaan. Data bersumber dari buku teori dan filsafat komunikasi, artikel jurnal ilmiah, prosiding, dan publikasi akademik relevan yang dikaji melalui dokumentasi, klasifikasi tematik, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan sintesis interpretatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara ontologis komunikasi telah bergeser dari proses transmisi linear menuju konstruksi makna yang dinamis, relasional, dan multidimensional. Secara epistemologis, ilmu komunikasi bersifat multiparadigma melalui pendekatan positivistik, interpretatif, dan kritis. Secara aksiologis, komunikasi berorientasi pada kebenaran, keadilan, kebermanfaatan, dan tanggung jawab sosial, tetapi menghadapi tekanan kepentingan ekonomi, politik, dan algoritmik. Secara etis, disinformasi, ujaran kebencian, manipulasi informasi, dan pelanggaran privasi menegaskan kebutuhan akan integrasi fondasi filosofis untuk membangun ilmu dan praktik komunikasi yang kritis, etis, serta bertanggung jawab.
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